chapter+2

Unit #1
Definitions: 1.divine right of kings- doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, not from theirsubjects, from which it follows that rebellion is the worst of political crimes. 2. attribute- quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone 3. restraint- a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control or within limits 4. common wealth- independent country or community, esp. a democratic republic 5. consensus- general agreement 6. natural rights- 7.hypothetical- supposed but not necessarily real or true 8. mutual- experienced or done by each of two or more parties toward the other or others.

Questions: 1.List the three great political events of the late 17th century. Glorious Revolution, French Revolution, and American Revolution 2.What principle did the Glorious Revolution introduce? The king must bow to the representative body in a nation. 3.What could happen to an individual who questioned a monarch? The monarch could have him put to death and considered sinners. 4.What quote is attributed to King Louis XIV? What do you think he meant by saying it? "I am the state",That he was in complete charge of the state. 5.Who ruled England from 1485 to 1603? The tudors. 6.Describe the "Act of Supremacy." The King became the only Supreme head on earth of the church of England. 7.Why did Elizabeth have to work so hard on religious conflicts? Because her sister tried to bring back catholicism. 8.List 5 issues that the puritans had and wanted corrected in the Anglican church? Thought worshippers should focus on religion, wanted to be independent from government, Become independent from corrupt bishops, Congregations wanted to elect their own ministers, wanted to change the book of their religion 9.What was a major conflict between parliament and James I? He doesn't want to listen parliament 10. What event started the 11 year tyranny? What were the Years of the tyranny? The king felt he didn't have enough power. He wouldn't let parliament meet. 11.When did the English Revolution begin? 1642 12.The english revolution was between what two groups? (list who each group supported) Cavaliers who were against the king and Royalists who supported the king 13.What was the reaction of Europe when Charles I was executed? Horrified the people 14.What was the "rump Parliament?" People on parliament who agreed with cromwell 15.What was the "Exclusion Bill" and why was it passed? What were the results? A law that barred Catholics from the throne from saying he was catholic if he wanted to rule. the results were that it created two political factions the wigs and the tories. 16.When did parlament offer the throne to William and Mary? What was the condition? 1689 if they would accept the bill of rights 17 - What was the Toleration Act of 1689 and what did it do? it granted puritans the right to openly worship but not catholics 18 - Who was John Locke and what did he write in his Two Treatises of Government? He was a writer his works criticized absolutism and defended the glorious revolution. 19 - Summarize Locke's Natural Rights/Social Contract theory. He believed people were born with their own rights and if the government failed to protect it the people could rebel and start a new government. 20 - Which revolutions used Locke's ideas? the American and French Revolutions.

=Identify:=



=Unit #2=

Terms:
1.philosophe- writers, professors, journalists, economists, and social reformers. 2. evidence- the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid 3. affect- have an effect on; make a difference to 4. deism- belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe 5. separation of powers- an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies 6. concept- an abstract idea 7. social contract- an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate forsocial benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom forstate protection 8. laissez faire - a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. 9. salon- an establishment where a hairdresser, beautician, or couturierconducts business.

Questions:
 * 1) What types of people made up the philosophes? Writers, professors, journalist, economists, and social reformers.
 * 2) Name two heros of the enlightenment? Isaac Newton and John Locke.
 * 3) What did John Lock say about people's mind when they were born? their minds were blank
 * 4) Where was the enlightenment centered? Paris
 * 5) What were the major themes of the enlightenment? reason, natural law, hope, and progress
 * 6) What was Voltaire's real name? Francois-Marie Arouet
 * 7) What is the difference between "affected" and "effected"? Affected is where it is just you or a small group where something is changed but effected is where it changes large groups of people
 * 8) Why did Voltaire oppose the Catholic Church? He believed in absolutism
 * 9) Montesquieu was the first? political scientist
 * 10) What were the three governments Montesquieu identified? Republic, despotism, and monarchies
 * 11) Montesquieu thought there should be a " Separation of powers" which means? where the parts of governments put limits to each others powers
 * 12) What american document has Montesquieu's ideas? The United States constitution
 * 13) How did Rousseau make a living in his early life? By getting odd jobs for low pay
 * 14) Rousseau believed in a " contract" social
 * 15) Under Rousseau's theory "the general will ___" Represent whats best for the people
 * 16) What did Rousseau believe about education? That it should foster children and not restrict their natural instincts
 * 17) What did Rousseau think about the roll of women? That they should be obedient to their husbands and care for their children.
 * 18) Briefly describe the philosophes and the physiocrats. The philosophes believed that the scientific method could be used to study society, the physiocrats believed that if people were able to pursue their own economic interest that it would be for the best.
 * 19) According to smith, what were the three basic rolls of government? Protecting society from invasion, Keeping up certain public works like roads and canals, and defending citizens from injustice.
 * 20) Briefly outline the effect of enlightenment thinking on punishments for crime? That punishments for crimes should be severe.
 * 21) What was a major weapon for philosophes, who wrote it, and when? The encyclopedia, Denis Diderot from 1751-1772
 * 22) List the three main ways enlightenment ideas were spread? Magazines, newspapers, and salons.
 * 23) Provide a basic biography of Marie-Therese de Geoffrin. (Use wikipedia) She was born in 1699 and was the first child of Pierre Rodet. Her mother died a year after giving birth to her brother Louis. She was engaged to Francois Geoffrin at the age of 13.
 * 24) Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and who was a major influence on him? Thomas jefferson who was greatly influenced by John Locke.

=Unit#3=

Unit#3:
Terms: 1. colony- a group of people of one nationality or ethnic group living in a foreigncity or country. 2. Stamp Act- law enacted by government that requires a tax to bepaid on the transfer of certain documents. 3. tension- mental or emotional strain. 4. correspondence- close similarity, connection, or equivalence. 5. Declaration of Independence- document declaring the U.S. to be independent of the British Crown, 6. Articles of Confederation- original constitution of the U.S., ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789. 7. federal system- Federalism is a political concept inwhich a //group// ofmembers are boundtogether by covenant with agoverning representative head. 8. amendments- minor change in a document 9. Bill of Rights- statement of the rights of a class of people, in particular. 10. assembly- group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose.

Questions:

1.Why did Britain establish colonies in North America? to supply raw materials for Britain. 2.What effect did Parliament have on the legislatures of the American colonies? No interference for decades. 3.How did each of the 13 colonial legislatures function? White people who had land elected the representatives. 4.What was the reason for war with the French in North America? they were fighting for control of North America. 5.Why did the British want new revenues from the colonies after the Seven Years’ War? To pay for the costs of the war and to continue to protect the colonies. 6.What did the stamp act of 1765 require? That legal documents and newspapers had to have a stamp on it to show that it had payed its taxes to britain. 7.What types of goods did parliament pass new taxes on? Non-british goods. 8.What did the Stamp Act require? people to put stamps on important documents to show they payed tax to britain. 9.How did colonists avoid paying taxes on non-British imports? they smuggled them. 10.Why did the colonists disapprove of the Declaratory Act? Because parliament could tax whatever they wan't to 11.Describe the Boston Tea Party? People boarding one of the tea shipments and throwing its cargo into the water.  12.What was the Boston Massacre ? (use wikipedia) A battle between the militia and british troops.  13.What were the British looking for in Concord and Lexington? Militia supplies 14.What did Thomas Paine argue in Common Sense? That Parliament and King George the third were tyrants and had to gain independence to secure their rights. 15.Who was the commander of the continental army? George Washington 16.Who were the loyalist? People who wanted to remain loyal English citizens. 17.What ideas of John Locke did Jefferson express in the Declaration of Independence? that we all had natural rights and if the government could not secure them than they had a right to overthrow that government. 18.What did the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognize, and what did it grant the Americans? It recognized their independence and were granted control of the western territories from the Appalachians to the Mississippi river. 19.What other country(s) supported the colonies during the revolution? The France,Spain, and the Dutch Republic.  20.Who was the general of the British troops that surrendered at Yorktown? Cornwallis 21.What is the federal system? A new government over the states that were given the power to levy taxes, raise an army, regulate trade, and create a national currency. 22.What was the document that first organized the colonies? The articles of confederation. 23.Who were the framers? The writers of the constitution. 24.Who's ideas did they use to create the new government? Montesquieu 25.Why did many colonists demand a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution? they gave them more rights like the freedom of speech.  26.How many amendments were in the Bill of Rights? 10  27.What documents influenced the Bill of Rights? The Magna Carta and the natural rights theory. 28.What geographic area was influenced by events in the colonies? Latin America

