world+history+unit+8

__**art 1**__

Define: depression- severe despondency and dejection collective bargaining- negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by anorganized body of employees minimum- the least or smallest amount or quantity possible deficit spending- government spending, in excess of revenue, of funds raised by borrowing rather than from taxation circumstance- a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action


 * Identify:**

Dawes Plan- The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was an attempt following World War I for the Triple Entente to collect war reparations debt from Germany. When after five years the plan proved to be unsuccessful, the Young Plan was adopted in 1929 to replace it.

Treaty of Locarno- The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland on 5 October - 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on December 1, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war

Weimar Republic- he German republic founded at Weimar in 1919; "The Weimar Republic was overthrown in 1933 and replaced by the Third Reich"

John Maynard Keynes- Keynes: English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt- oosevelt: 32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)

New Deal- "The New Deal" is the tenth episode of season two of the Canadian teen drama television series Ready or Not. It was written by Alyse Rosenberg and originally aired in 1994.


 * Questions:**

1. What did the settlement at the end of World War I try to accomplish? To alienate the German speaking people and to cause a controlled migration and partitioning of the Late Ottoman Empire.

2. Why did the settlement leave many nations unhappy? German citizens were unhappy with The Treaty of Versailles because they felt they were being punished instead of government.

3. What wishes of Woodrow Wilson did the U.S. Senate refuse to fulfill? The US Senate did not approve the US' membership in the League of Nations, which was desired by Wilson's position.

4. What did members of the League of Nations disagree about when crises arose? They disagreed how to resolve the problem.

5. How did France intend to collect unpaid war reparations from Germany? France sent troops into Germany to moniter every cent that came in and out of the country.

6. Name two things the Dawes plan accomplished.- It softened the burdens of war reparations and stabilized the currency in the German market

7. What did the League of Nations Covenant suggest that nations do with their military? Disarm

8. List two factors that played a major role in the start of the Great Depression.- Banks were permitted to speculate in land and the stock market with little government regulations. And, High tariffs and war debts helped spread the depression world wide.

9. How bad was the Great Depression in Great Britain in 1932? The Great Depression was just as bad in the UK as it was in the US.

10. List three problems faced by the Weimar Republic.- three problems faced by the weimar republic was the treaty of Versailles, inflation and defeat.

11. What was the old theory of how economic depressions should be solved?- Depression should be left to be solved themselves without the Government getting involved in the economy.

12. How did Franklin Roosevelt propose to reform capitalism in order to save it?- The New Deal Roosevelt had promised the American people began to take shape immediately after his inauguration in March 1933.

__**Part 2**__

The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes


 * Define:**

totalitarian state- a political system where the state, usuallyunder the control of a single political person, faction, or class fascism- an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of governmentand social organization. widespread- found or distributed over a large area or number of people unrestricted- not limited or restricted New Economic Policy (NEP)- an economic policy proposed by Vladimir Lenin. Politburo- the principal policymaking committee of a Communist Party. Five- Year Plans- The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans collectivization- basis of ownership by the people or thestate, abolishing private ownership or involvement


 * Identify:**

Benito Mussolini- Mussolini: Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

Joseph Stalin- Stalin: Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Francisco Franco- ranco: Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)

Before 1914, many political leaders thought war in Europe could be (1) ** Risky **. Government (2) ** Propaganda ** had worked in stir- ring up national hatreds before the war. In August 1914, most people seemed gen- uinely convinced that their nation’s cause was (3) ** just **.

The German Schlieffen Plan called for the German army to sweep around (4) ** Belgium **and surround most of the French army. The German advance was halted at (5)** Marne **. The war quickly turned into a (6) ** stalemate **. The unexpected development of (7)** trench warfare ** on the Western Front baffled military leaders. In 10 months at (8) ** Verdun **, France, in 1916, seven hundred thousand men lost their lives over a few miles of land. By the end of 1915 (9)** airplanes **began to be used to attack ground targets.

The Ottoman Empire came into the war on the side of (10) ** Germany **, prompting the Allies to declare war on them as well. By 1917, the war that had started in Europe had truly become a (11 ** world conflict ** . The Allies took advantage of the war to seize German (12) ** colonies **in the rest of the world. The United States tried to remain neutral, but unrestricted (13) ** submarine **warfare by the Germans brought America into the war in 1917. World War I affected the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, however remote they might be from the (14) ** battlfields ** . (15) ** authoritarian **regimes such as Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary relied on force to subdue their populations. In some countries, the role played by women in wartime economies had a (16)** positive **impact on their social and political (17) **structure**.

__**Part 3**__ Hitler and Nazi Germany

Define: academy- a place of study or training in a special field Nazi- a member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party Reichstag- the building in which this met. concentration camp- a place where large numbers of people, esp. political prisoners ormembers of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution. ideology- a system of ideas and ideals, esp. one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and

Identify: Adolf Hitler- Hitler: German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) Enabling Act- a provision in a law that confers on appropriate officials the power to implement or enforce the law Heinrich Himmler- Himmler: German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)

Nuremberg laws- The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) of 1935 were antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany which were introduced at the annual Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg

Kristallnacht- The night of broken glass': a state organised pogrom where Jews were beaten and deported that took place throughout Nazi Germany on 9-10 November 1938.

I. Adolph Hitler developed his basic ideas while in **Jail**

A. At the core of Hitler’s ideas was racism, especially **Anti Semitism** B. By 1921, Hitler took control of a right-wing **German Workers party**, the Nazis.

C. While in jail in 1923 he wrote Mein Kampf, or **My Struggle**.

II. In 1931, the Nazis had become the largest party in the German **Republic**.

A. Hitler’s appeals to national **Pride** struck an emotional chord in his listeners. B. The elites of Germany began to look to Hitler for leadership. C. With the **Reichstag**, Hitler became a dictator appointed by Parliament.

III. Hitler’s goal was to develop a **totalitarian state,** racial state, that would dominate the world. A. Nazis thought the Germans would create an empire like ancient **Rome** 1. The Nazi state used **terror and repression** to coerce opponents.

2. A massive rearmament program solved Germany’s unemployment problem. B. Schools and Churches were brought under the control the Nazi regime.

C. Women played an important role as the **bearers** of Aryan children.

IV. Once in power, Hitler’s anti-Semitic ideas became **actions**. A. New racial laws were enacted in September 1935. 1. The Nuremberg laws excluded Jews from German citizenship. 2. Jews were required to wear yellow **stars**. B. On November 9, 1938, the Kritallnatch occurred, a destructive rampage against the Jews.

__**Part 4**__

Cultural and Intellectual Trends


 * Define:**

incapable- the job should never have been assigned to an incapable crew abstract- existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concreteexistence photomontage- the technique of constructing such a montage. surrealism- a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images. modernism- a style or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms. classical- of or relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture uncertainty principle- the principle that the momentum and position of a particle cannot bothbe precisely determined at the same time. Identify: The Triumph of the Will- Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens) is a propaganda film made by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg.

Salvador Dalí- Dali: surrealist Spanish painter (1904-1989) James Joyce- oyce: influential Irish writer noted for his many innovations (such as stream of consciousness writing) (1882-1941) Hermann Hesse- Hesse: Swiss writer (born in Germany) whose novels and poems express his interests in eastern spiritual values (1877-1962)

1. A series of inventions in the late nineteenth century led the way for a revolution in ** mass **communications, especially** Marconi’s **discovery of ** wireless ** radio waves

2.. ** Broadcasting **facilities were built in the United States, Europe, and Japan during 1921 and 1922. 3. The Italian film ** Quo Vadis **and the American film ** Birth of a Nation ** made it apparent that cinema was an important new form of mass entertainment.

4. Hitler said, “Without motor-cars, sound films, and wireless, [there would be] no victory of ** Nazism ** .” 5. By 1920, the ** eight-hour ** day had become the norm for many office and factory workers in northern and western Europe. 6. The Nazi regime adopted a program called ** Kraft durch Freude **(“Strength through Joy”), that offered a variety of ** leisure **activities to fill the free time of the working class. 7. The ** dadaists **were artists who were obsessed with the idea that life has no purpose. 8. ** surrealism **sought a reality beyond the material world. 9. The new German art developed by the Nazis, was actually derived from nineteenth-century ** folk ** art, and emphasized realistic scenes of everyday life 10.** stream of consciousness **was a technique used by writers to report the innermost thoughts of each character. 11. Ernest Rutherford, one of the physicists who showed that the atom could be split, called the 1920s the ** heroic age of physics. **. 12. Newtonian physics were challenged when German physicist Werner Heisenberg explained an observation he called the** uncertainty ** principle.