unit+answers

unit 1

1. name the 5 themes there below The theme of location describes where a place is found. A location may be an absolute loca- tion, or its position on the globe. Relative location describes where a place is in relation to another place. An example of relative location is, “Mexico is south of the United States.” The theme of place describes how areas are alike or different. Places can be described by their physical features or in terms of their human characteristics, or how people live there. The third geographic theme deals with regions. A region is a group of places with at least one thing in common. Geographers divide the world into many different regions based on various criteria. The theme of movement describes the ways people, goods, and ideas move from one place to anoth- er. Geography has an important effect on movement. The final geographic theme examines how people use and change their envi- ronment. People expand areas by build- ing homes, roads, and factories, which have positive and negative effects on the surroundings. 2. europe and africa

3. 70 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water 4. The center of the earth is called the core. It is made of very hot metal. The inner core is probably solid, while the outer core is liquid. The mantle is a thick layer of rock around the core. The crust is the earth’s rocky outside layer.

5.Weathering is the process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces and Erosion is the movement of weath- ered materials, such as soil, sand, and gravel, from one place to another. 6.mechanical and Chemical

unit 2 Weather is the condition of the air in one place over a short period of time and is always changing. Climate is the kind of weather that an area has over a long period of time. The sun is the source of the earth’s cli- mates. The earth moves around the sun in a yearly orbit, or path, which is called a revolution. Because the earth is tilted on its axis, sunlight hits different regions more directly at certain times of the year. This helps create seasons. Latitude also affects climate. The sun’s rays always fall most directly at or near the Equator. They are least direct near the North and South poles. As a result, most places near the Equator have warm cli- mates while places farthest from the Equator are cold. Prevailing winds, which occur in regular and predictable pat- terns, influence the climate of regions near them. Ocean cur- rents, rivers of warm and cold water moving through the ocean, also affect climate. Precipitation is all forms of water that fall to the earth’s sur- face. The amount of precipita- tion a place receives has a major its climate. Other influences on climate include elevation and nearby bodies of water and landforms. The world can be divided into climate regions. Temperature and precipitation are used to classify climate regions.

An ecosystem is formed by the interac- tion of plant life, animal life, and the physical environment in which they live. The four ecosystems are forest, grassland, desert, and tundra. Geographers use the term biome to describe major types of ecosystems that can be found in various regions throughout the world. Forest regions include many different types of biomes. A trop- ical rain forest has broadleaf ever- greens, which keep their leaves all year. Rain forests grow where the temperature is warm and great amounts of rain fall. Forests of the middle latitudes consist mostly of broadleaf deciduous trees, which shed their leaves, usually in the fall. Coniferous forests may also grow in the colder parts of the middle latitudes and are named after the cones that protect their seeds. They have long, thin “needles” rather than broad, flat leaves. Most forests are a mixture of biomes. Another distinctive forest biome is chap- arral, which includes small evergreen trees and low bushes, or shrub. The characteristics of grasslands vary depending on their latitudes. Tropical grasslands, or savannas, grow in warm lands near the Equator. Temperate grass- lands are found in cooler climates. Desert ecosystems consist of plant and animal life that can survive with little water. In tundra regions, temperatures are cool or cold. Plant life in this type of region survives in cold temperatures and short growing seasons and without sun- light for most of the winter.

unit 3

4- Diagram Skills: In which eco- nomic system is the government most involved? command economic

unit 4

1.

All people depend on natural resources, the materials that people take from the natural environment, for food, water, tools, and other needs. Renewable resources are those that the environment replaces. Sunlight, water, and soil are renewable resources. Nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced once they are used. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are nonrenewable. Many metals and other minerals cannot be replaced once they are used up. But objects made of them can be recycled so that the minerals can be used again. Modern countries depend on energy from fossil fuels.

2.

a) What is the main issue or problems related to natural resources it has negative probs with people and the envorment. b) Who is involved in the controversy? Controversy arises when two or more people or groups of people have conflicting ideas about the same issue. List all the people or groups who have a different opinion on the issue

c) What are the arguments? Briefly describe each person or group’s point of view d) What are the benefits or advantages to each group’s point of view? Briefly explain e) What are the drawbacks or problems for each point of view? Briefly explain f) What are some other possible solutions, or ways of dealing with this issue g) In your opinion, what is the best solution to this problem? Keep in mind both future availability of this resource and the importance of a healthy environment. Remember to give support for your answer

unit 5/6

==** 1 - Name two features shared by the United States and Canada. Even- tually, the settlers broke ties with Great Britain to form the United States of America. Canada also ended ties with Great Britain to become a democracy. **==

** 3 - Name three natural resources that have helped the United States to become wealthy. good transporation systems and communication free enterprise systems and hard working people. **
==** 4 - Diagram Skills: What four factors have contributed to the economic success of the United States? railroads, automobiles, and an interstate highway system improved travel over land **== ==** 5 - Why did the first U.S. cities develop near the Atlantic Ocean? The first U.S. cities were Atlantic Ocean ports, where goods were shipped to and from Europe. As settlers moved inland, they shipped their crops on rivers. **==

**6 - Diagram Skills: Which place serves the smallest area?** About 80 percent of the people live in metropolitan areas, cities and their suburbs.

unit 7

** 1 - Name two ways that rivers were important in helping the Northeast to grow. River val- leys became the routes for boats, wagons, railroads, and then highways. **
==** 2 - Map Skills: Which seven states of the Northeast border the Atlantic Ocean? maine vermont new hampshire massachusetts new york pennsylvania and new jersey **==

** #4 - Map Skills: Which states border the Gulf of Mexico? **
florida alabama mississippi louisiana and texas

** #6 - Map Skills: Which six states of the Midwest border the Great Lakes? **
minnesota wisconsin michigan illinois indiana

the pacific ocean
 * 1) 8 Map Skills: What ocean borders the West?

unit 8

** #3 What do separatists in Quebec want? independence **
==** #4 Graph Skills: What country in Europe is the original place of origin for most Canadians? **== great britain


 * 1) 6 Chart Skills: Which country has a higher per capita GDP? usa

unit 9

==** #1 What are the three different economic systems in Latin America? A market economy allows economic decisions to be deter- mined by supply and demand, while the government makes those decisions in a command economy. Under a tradi- tional economy, families produce goods and services for their own use. **== ==** #2 Map Skills: What bodies of water border Central America? the atlantic and pacific ocean unit 10 unit 10 **==

**#2 Map Skills: What peninsula is in northwestern Mexico?** MATAMOROS

** #4 Diagram Skills: What are the three cultures that make up Mexico today? **
ANCIENT INDIAN,COLONIAL SPANSH, AND MODERN MEXICAN

unit 11

** #1 What is the main occupation of most people in Central America? Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. **
==** #2 Map Skills: Which five countries of Central America border both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea? panama,costa rica,nicaragua,el salvador,cuatemala. **==

atlantic and pacific and the gulf of mexico
 * 1) 4 Map Skills: What bodies of water surround the Caribbean islands?

unit 12

** #3 What has Brazil done to encourage the development of the country’s interior region? small farms **
==** #4 Graph Skills: How did the percentage of people living in cities change from 1974 to 1994? bigger and bigger tell it got to 78% unit 13 **==

** #1 Which country in the northern tropics is rich in oil? Venezuela’s **
==** #2 Diagram Skills: What is the name for the climate zone where coffee is grown? snow line #3 Which of the Andean countries has the smallest Indian population? chili **==

Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia
 * 1) 6 Chart Skills: In what countries is the Gran Chaco located?

unit 14 1 - Why is Western Europe one of the most densely populated regions in the world? vegetation and animal life of a region is 3 percent of eroupe 2 - Map Skills According to the map, to which Western European country have Turkish citizens migrated? to france unit 15 1 - What part of England is a center of industry? Scotland 2 - Map Skills What places make up the United Kingdom? scotland,glasgow,edinburgh,liverpool,brimmingham,and london. 3 - Where do most people live in Scotland? Highlands 4 - **Chart Skills:** Which part of the United Kingdom has the second largest population? wales unit 16 1 - Where is the center of France’s manufacturing region? Paris Germany 3 - Why is the Ruhr Valley important to Germany rich in coal, produces most of Germany’s iron and steel. i dont know 5 - How do the Dutch use the land they took from the sea? they built dikes, walls of earth and rock to hold back the sea canda 7 - Which war brought an end to the Austro-Hungarian Empire? ww1 alot
 * 2 - Map Skills** What countries of Central Western Europe border France?
 * 4 - Map Skills** What mountain range is in southern Germany?
 * 6 - Chart Skills** Which Benelux country has the largest population?
 * 8 - Graph Skills** About how many refugees have gone to Switzerland?

unit 17 On what peninsula are Spain and Portugal located? The Pyre- nees Mountains separate the peninsula from the rest of Europe atlantic ocean Why have many southern Italians moved to the north? to look for jobs the alps unit 18 1 - How has the geography of Central Europe and Northern Eurasia affected the movement of people across the region? the movement is going faster then uslar russia
 * Map Skills** On what body of water is Lisbon located?
 * Map Skills** What mountains form Italy’s northern border?
 * 2 - Map Skills** What country of Central Europe and Northern Eurasia is the largest?

unit 19 1 - What helped Poles keep their national identity? Their attachment to the land has helped them keep their national identity 2 - **Map Skills** Why do you think Gdan ́sk is an important city? the help poland with stuff 3 - What united these countries in the years after World War II?

4 - **Map Skills** What river forms part of the border between Slovakia and Hungary?

5 - What does the word balkanize mean?

6 - **Chart Skills** How many countries have been created since Yugoslavia broke up?

7 - What have the Baltic states done since independence to improve their economies?

8 - **Chart Skills** What is the largest nation in the Baltic states and border nations region? What is the smallest?

unit 20 1.what is chernozem? fertile soil of russia's grassland 2.mapskills what is the the captial of russia? moscow 3.what policies did the russian goverment establish during the late 1980s? that people cna speak freely 4. time line skills what happened in 1237 in russia? mongols overun kieven state 5 - How many people living in Russia consider themselves Russian? more than 80% 6 - **Chart Skills** Which nation has a stronger economy—Russia or the United States? Why? united states has more money and life expectancy.

unit 21 1 - What three monotheistic religions began in Southwest Asia? Jerusalem,Muslims,Christianity 2 - **Map Skills** Which four Central and Southwest Asian countries bor- der the Caspian Sea? kazakhstan,turkmenistan, unit 22 1 - What is genocide?desire of a cultural group to rule them- selves as a separate nation 2 - **Chart Skills** Which nation’s pop- ulation will increase the least by 2025?armenia 3 - What is the most practiced religion in Central Asia?asians 4 - **Map Skills** What Central Asian country is the largest?china