chapter+2+part+2

terms

philosophe a person engaged or learned in philosophy, esp. as an academic discipline.

evidence t he available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

affect have an effect on; make a difference to deism belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe. The term is used chiefly of an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that accepted the existence of a creator on the basis of reason but rejected belief in a supernatural deity who interacts with humankind. Compare with theism.

separation of powers the action or state of moving or being moved apart

concept a n abstract idea; a general notion

social contract implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.

laissez-faire a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. salon an establishment where a hairdresser, beautician, or couturier conducts business.


 * 1) What types of people made up the philosophes? Writers, professors, journalist, economists, and social reformers.
 * 2) Name two heros of the enlightenment? Isaac Newton and John Locke.
 * 3) What did John Lock say about people's mind when they were born? their minds were blank
 * 4) Where was the enlightenment centered? Paris
 * 5) What were the major themes of the enlightenment? reason, natural law, hope, and progress
 * 6) What was Voltaire's real name? Francois-Marie Arouet
 * 7) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What is the difference between "affected" and "effected"? Affected is where it is just you or a small group where something is changed but effected is where it changes large groups of people
 * 8) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Why did Voltaire oppose the Catholic Church? He believed in absolutism
 * 9) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Montesquieu was the first? political scientist
 * 10) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What were the three governments Montesquieu identified? Republic, despotism, and monarchies
 * 11) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Montesquieu thought there should be a " Separation of powers" which means? where the parts of governments put limits to each others powers
 * 12) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What american document has Montesquieu's ideas? The United States constitution
 * 13) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">How did Rousseau make a living in his early life? By getting odd jobs for low pay
 * 14) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rousseau believed in a " contract" social
 * 15) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Under Rousseau's theory "the general will ___" Represent whats best for the people
 * 16) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What did Rousseau believe about education? That it should foster children and not restrict their natural instincts
 * 17) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What did Rousseau think about the roll of women? That they should be obedient to their husbands and care for their children.
 * 18) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Briefly describe the philosophes and the physiocrats. The philosophes believed that the scientific method could be used to study society, the physiocrats believed that if people were able to pursue their own economic interest that it would be for the best.
 * 19) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">According to smith, what were the three basic rolls of government? Protecting society from invasion, Keeping up certain public works like roads and canals, and defending citizens from injustice.
 * 20) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Briefly outline the effect of enlightenment thinking on punishments for crime? That punishments for crimes should be severe.
 * 21) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #0000ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What was a major weapon for philosophes, who wrote it, and when? The encyclopedia, Denis Diderot from 1751-1772
 * 22) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> List the three main ways enlightenment ideas were spread? Magazines, newspapers, and salons.
 * 23) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Provide a basic biography of Marie-Therese de Geoffrin. (Use wikipedia) She was born in 1699 and was the first child of Pierre Rodet. Her mother died a year after giving birth to her brother Louis. She was engaged to Francois Geoffrin at the age of 13.
 * 24) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and who was a major influence on him? Thomas jefferson who was greatly influenced by John Locke.