chapter+5

chapter 5 terms part 1 Define: generator an apparatus that produces a vapor or gas trans- form change from one form or medium into another assembly line production line: mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it mass production the production of large quantities of a standardized article emerge come out into view proletariat a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages dictatorship a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator revisionist a Communist who tries to rewrite Marxism to justify a retreat from the revolutionary position part 2 Define:  innovation a new way of doing something or "new stuff that is made useful".  objec- tive A goal or objective is a projected state of affairs that a person or a system plans or intends to achieve—a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.  feminism a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> literacy the ability to read and write <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">part 3 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Define: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">ministerial respon- sibility Ministerial responsibility or Individual ministerial responsibility is a constitutional convention in governments using the Westminster System that a cabinet minister bears the ultimate responsibility for the actions of their ministry or department <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> crucial is New Edition's fourth single from the Heart Break album. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> compensation In psychology, compensation is a strategy whereby one covers up, consciously or unconsciously, weaknesses, frustrations, desires, feelings of inadequacy or incompetence in one life area through the gratification or (drive towards) excellence in another area. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> Duma pire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">part 4 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Define: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">psychoanalysis a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is a pejorative term used in criticism of ideologies or ideas concerning their exploitation of concepts in biology and social sciences to artificially create political change that reduces the fertility of certain individuals, races, and subcultures having certain <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> discrimination unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> pogrom organized persecution of an ethnic group (especially Jews) <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> annually without missing a year <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> modernism genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious break with previous genres <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> reinforce strengthen and support with rewards

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">this last part is for the questions

part 1 Questions: 1. What commodities were a part of the Second Industrial Revolution? T<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">he technology, the communication and the innovations. 2. Name one major industrial change between 1870 and 1914. Trading 3. Electricity could be converted into what other forms of energy?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">In a power station, thermal energy is converted to electrical energy 4. Why could Europeans afford to buy more consumer products? Factories were closely connected to markets and consumers so that the consumers were able to afford goods more. 5. Which part of Europe remained largely agricultural and little industrialized? Eastern Europe 6. What two types of transportation contributed to the advancement of a true world economy? Steamship and Railroad 7. Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? Karl Marx 8. According to Karl Marx, what two groups of society would grow more and more hostile toward one another? The Bourgeoisie and Proletariat 9. What did the German Social Democratic Party become in 1912? They became the largest party in Germany. 10. What did pure Marxists believe about capitalism? Only violence could solve their problems with them 11. Why would workers organize in a labor union? To improve their conditions

part 2 By the end of the nineteenth century, industrialization had led to the emergence of a (1) ** mass **society where the lower classes were concentrated in cities. Municipal governments made innovations in (2) ** public health ** and sanitation so that many more people could survive living close together. At the top of European society stood a wealthy (3) ** elite **. This group made up only 5 percent of the population but controlled 30 to 40 percent of the (4) ** wealth **. The (5) ** upper middle **classes consisted of lawyers, doctors, members of the civil service, business managers, engineers, architects, accountants, and chemists. The European middle classes believed in (6)** Hard work **, which was open to everyone and guaranteed to have positive results. The working classes were (7) ** landholding **peasants, farm laborers, and sharecroppers. (8) ** Urban ** labor was made up of day laborers and domestic servants who were mostly women. The (9) ** Second **Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women. By the 1840s and 1850s, the movement for women’s rights expanded as women called for equal (10) ** natural **rights. Between 1870 and 1914, most Western governments financed (11) ** Primary **education. Both boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 12 were now required to attend school. The most immediate result of public education was an increase in (12) ** literacy **. New forms of (13) ** Newspapers ** appeared in society. Leisure came to be viewed as what people do for (14) ** entertainment **after work.

part 3 I. By the late nineteenth century in European nations, especially in Western Europe, ** Democracy ** was becoming well established. A. In Great Britain, the ** Liberal **and ** Conservative ** Parties alternated in power. B. With the set up of the Third French Republic, France’s new government had a ** President ** and a ** Legislative **. C. Constant turmoil between ** Labor **and ** Industry **weakened the social fabric of Italy.

II. The ** Central **and ** Eastern ** European nations pursued much different policies from their western counterparts. A. In Germany, ministers of government were responsible not to parliament but to the ** Emperor **. B. Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary largely ** ignored ** the parliament, issuing his own decrees and laws. C. Nicolas II of Russia believed the ** principle ** power of the should be preserved.

III. Four years of Civil War had preserved the American ** Nation **. A. By 1900, the United States had become the world’s ** richest ** nation, but wealth was very ** unevenly **distributed. B. America gained control over ** Samoan Islands **, ** Hawaii **, ** Puerto Rico **, ** Guam ** , and the ** Philippines **. part 4
 * 1) Before 1914, ** Reason **, ** Science **, and ** Progress ** were still important words to Europeans.
 * 2) Science offered a certainty of belief in the ** orderliness **of nature.
 * 3) The French scientist Marie Curie discovered that ** radium ** gave off energy from within itself.
 * 4) Albert Einstein published his theory of ** Relativity ** which stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer.
 * 5) According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior was strongly determined by ** past ** experiences and ** mental ** forces.
 * 6) ** Psychoanalysis **, pioneered by Freud, developed into a major profession.
 * 7) Social ** Darwin ** was the theory that social progress came from “the struggle for survival” as the “fit” advanced and the “weak” declined.
 * 8) In Germany and Austria-Hungary during the 1880s and 1890s, new parties arose that used ** Anti-semitism ** to win the votes of people who felt threatened by changing times.
 * 9) The symbolist writers believed that it was not possible to know the ** Objective ** world.
 * 10) Impressionists rejected the studios where artists had traditionally worked and went out into the ** Countryside ** to paint nature directly.
 * 11) For Postimpressionist Vincent Van Gogh, art was a ** Spiritual ** experience.
 * 12) Functionalism was the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be ** useful **
 * 13) Russian composer Igor Stravinsky’s expressive sounds and bold rhythms were so revolutionary, the audience nearly rioted at his ** Rite of Spring ** ballet.